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文章封面_睡眠呼吸障礙 v2020-04-22

‧美國哈佛大學‧麻州眼耳醫院‧研究員‧中國醫藥大學附設醫院‧耳鼻喉頭頸外科‧主任吳志賢醫師‧

　

　

【醫師專欄-睡眠外科】 睡眠呼吸障礙　Sleep disordered breathing

　

國際睡眠障礙分類(ICSD)是“面向睡眠和睡眠醫學領域的臨床醫生和研究人員的主要診斷，流行病學和編碼資源”。ICSD由美國睡眠醫學科學院(AASM)與歐洲睡眠研究學會，日本睡眠研究學會和拉丁美洲睡眠學會聯合製定。 該分類的製定是對睡眠和精神障礙診斷分類(DCSAD)的修訂和更新，該分類由睡眠障礙中心協會(ASDC)和睡眠心理生理研究協會共同製定，1979年並發表在睡眠雜誌上。第二版稱為ICSD-2，於2005年出版。第三版ICSD-3於2014年發布。

　

The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) is "a primary diagnostic, epidemiological and coding resource for clinicians and researchers in the field of sleep and sleep medicine". The ICSD was produced by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) in association with the European Sleep Research Society, the Japanese Society of Sleep Research, and the Latin American Sleep Society. The classification was developed as a revision and update of the Diagnostic Classification of Sleep and Arousal Disorders (DCSAD) that was produced by both the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers (ASDC) and the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep and was published in the journal Sleep in 1979. A second edition, called ICSD-2, was published in 2005. The third edition, ICSD-3, was released in 2014.

　

ICSD-3共計383頁，涉及83種疾病。 它分為7個主要類別：

　
The ICSD-3 counts 383 pages for 83 disorders. It is divided into 7 main categories:

　

ICSD (International Classification of Sleep Disorders)-3 第三版國際睡眠障礙分類

1. Insomnia 失眠

  1. Chronic insomnia disorder
  2. Short-term insomnia disorder
  3. Other insomnia (when the patient has insomnia symptoms but does not meet criteria for the other two types of insomnia)
Isolated symptoms and normal variants

2. Sleep-related breathing disorders 睡眠相關的呼吸障礙

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndromes 阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症

  1. OSA, adult
  2. OSA, pediatric

Central sleep apnea syndromes

  1. Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing
  2. Central sleep apnea due a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing
  3. Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing
  4. Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance
  5. Primary central sleep apnea
  6. Primary central sleep apnea of infancy
  7. Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
  8. Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea

Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders

  1. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
  2. Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
  3. Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction
  4. Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation
  5. Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance
  6. Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder

Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder

Isolated symptoms and normal variants
  1. Snoring 打鼾
  2. Catathrenia

3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence 中樞性嗜睡障礙

  1. Narcolepsy type 1
  2. Narcolepsy type 2
  3. Idiopathic hypersomnia
  4. Kleine-Levin syndrome
  5. Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder
  6. Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance
  7. Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder
  8. Insufficient sleep syndrome

4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders 日夜節律睡眠覺醒障礙

  1. Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder
  2. Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder
  3. Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder
  4. Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
  5. Shift work disorder
  6. Jet lag disorder
  7. Circadian sleep-wake disorder not otherwise specified

5. Parasomnias 異睡症

NREM-related parasomnias
  1. Confusional arousals
  2. Sleepwalking
  3. Sleep terrors
  4. Sleep-related eating disorder
REM-related parasomnias
  1. REM sleep behavior disorder
  2. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
  3. Nightmare disorder
Other parasomnias
  1. Exploding head syndrome
  2. Sleep-related hallucinations
  3. Sleep enuresis
  4. Parasomnia due to a medical disorder
  5. Parasomnia due to a medication or substance
  6. Parasomnia, unspecified
Isolated symptoms and normal variants
  1. Sleep talking

6. Sleep-related movement disorders 睡眠相關的運動障礙

  1. Restless legs syndrome
  2. Periodic limb movement disorder
  3. Sleep-related leg cramps
  4. Sleep-related bruxism
  5. Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
  6. Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
  7. Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset
  8. Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medical disorder
  9. Sleep-related movement disorder due to a medication or substance
  10. Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified
Isolated symptoms and normal variants
  1. Excessive fragmentary myoclonus
  2. Hypnagogic foot tremor and alternating leg muscle activation
  3. Sleep starts (hypnic jerks)

7. Other sleep disorders 其他睡眠障礙

Other sleep-related symptoms or events that do not meet the standard definition of a sleep disorder

　

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